The Report
has triggered hot debates among participating nations which want to checkmate
the trend of rising temperature anyhow, but approach of developed and
developing nations are yet to be synchronized .
The year 2015 is going to be the
hottest year, reasons for which include the current El Nino weather pattern
and the global warming caused by human activities. The Report said Ocean heating has also reached a record level,
and global average sea level in the first half of the year was the
highest since the start of the satellite record in 1993,
It
said the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere had
already reached a record high. This year's temperatures would exceed last
year's record heat. Though, there are still two months to go in the current
year, the global average surface temperature for January to October was 0.73
above the 1961-1990 average.
The rise in temperatures in 2015 caused many extreme weather
events--heatwave in Europe, North Africa and Middle East and there was unusual
rainfall pattern in many places.Amid such
reports US Secretary of State John Kerry
remark: "India has been more cautious, a little more restrained in its
embrace of this new paradigm, and it’s a challenge." Has added grist to
the raging speculations on India’s Role in Paris,but the Country has already
made it clear that it would not be blocker but facilitator there.
India’s Environment Minister Prakash Javadekar
has decried remarks as unfair and unwarranted. the developed countries keen to
keep the warming below 2 degrees at any cost, are cautuious of India and China whose
overheated economies are said to be contributing to global warming.Both the countries contest such claims.
The Minister said that at the conference of
Parties 21(COP 21) at Paris, The country will will play the role of a facilitator instead of
a blocker at the all important conclave aiming to mitigate the climate change.
"India
is going there with a positive mind. There is nothing to fear from India. We
will be facilitators not the blocker of the consensus at Paris meet. Our record
of INDCs(Intended Nationally Determined Contribution) is well appreciated by
all countries," He said ahead of the meet in New Delhi.
"We
want to ensure that the conference is a success. We want to ensure that the outcome
of conference is just and equitable," . Prime Minister Narendra Modi will
be participating in the meet and has made it clear that India was embarking on a
major mission of clean energy and during the meet, an international alliance for Solar energy would be inked.
“India, led
by Mahatama Gandhi was world's best example of environment friendly nation.We
are the people who have seen god in plants and living creatures. Who could be
better ambassador of climate change than India and Mahatma Gandhi," The Prime Minister articulated his point of
view in Singapore recently .
He has said that India would keep its carbon
footprint down to the minimum and has put measures in place.At COP21,
India on its part will table the proposal of reduction of emissions by 33 to 35
percent and achieve 40 per cent of electric power installed capacity from non
fossil fuels – a jump of 33 per cent over the non fossil fuel capacity of 2015.
"By
2030, 40 per cent electricity will be not from the fossil fuel, but will be
from non-fossil fuel, the clean energy. We will not let small islands fret that
they will be deluged by rising sea levels because of climate change and be
wiped off the world map.
India's
INDCs envisages a "comprehensive and balanced" approach with rapid
growth till 2030 for a population of 1.5 billion of which 40 per cent live in
urban areas. The developmental priorities include electricity for all, housing
for all, poverty eradication, health and education infrastructure, Make in
India mission and development of infrastructure.
Attempts are
underway to increase base of funding nations and reducing size of recipients ,and
many developing countries will contest such bids. In Cophengahen,the meet had
ended in a fiasco but In Paris,now smarting
under terrorists threats and latest strikes there,something concrete is
expected as the situation on environment
is really sensitive and Green house emitters would have to take steps which reduce
threat to the Earth Planet.
Talks are
for the Climate justice is in the air ,and developed nations would have to
appreciate concerns of the developing countries.India in its recently submitted Intended
Nationally Determined Constributions(INDCs) had announced that it would cut the
intensity of its carbon emissions by up to 35 per cent from the 2005 level.
The Synthesis Report assesses the aggregate effect of the Intended
Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) of countries.The CSE assesses that
the impact of aggregate INDCs is insufficient to limit global warming to 2
degrees Celsius; they put the world on a global warming path of 3 degrees
Celsius or more.
UNFCCC report confirms previous CSE analysis that world will finish
about 70-80 per cent of the remaining carbon budget by 2030, leaving very
little carbon budget for the poor from Asia and Africa for basic development
needs and survival emissions.
CSE’s analysis of INDCs shows that developed countries are doing very
little. They will misappropriate more carbon budget by 2030 and beyond.CSE
urges Government of India to get an equitable deal at the Paris climate meeting
based of sharing of remaining carbon budget within countries.
INDCs are reducing the rate of growth of emissions marginally, but this
is not sufficient to keep the world on a safe temperature rise trajectory.
Implementation of the INDCs will only lead to higher and higher emissions till
2030. We need a more than INDCs at Paris. Else, we might well be looking at a
future of run-away global warming and disastrous impacts of extreme weather
events on the poor and vulnerable of the world,” said Chandra Bhushan, Deputy
Director General, CSE.
Sunita Narain, Director General, CSE said, “The misappropriation of
carbon space by developed countries will lead to little carbon space being left
for developing countries for basic developmental needs. Consumption
levels in developed countries will have to be reigned in if emissions are to
come down to sustainable levels. It is important this reality is
discussed and resolved in the Paris climate conference.
CSE Deputy Director General Chandra Bhushan recently
said that the per capita annual emission of the United States would be 12tonnes
while that of the European Union would be five tonnes in 2030. “People live
well in the EU. Americans need to scale down their lifestyles,” he said.
The Government has said India’s INDC is balanced and comprehensive. Mr Javadekar
has already said that India is keen to
attempt to work towards a low carbon emission pathway, while simultaneously
endeavoring to meet all the developmental challenges that the country faces
today.
India has made it clear that its INDC include reduction in
the emissions intensity of its GDP by 33 to 35 per cent by 2030 from 2005 level
and to create an additional carbon sink of 2.5 to 3 billion tonnes of CO2 equivalent
through additional forest and tree cover by 2030.
India has also decided to anchor a global solar alliance, INSPA
(International Agency for Solar Policy & Application), of all countries
located in between Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn
India has outlined its expectations from the Paris meet and has sought A balanced agreement
with all components -mitigation, adaptation, technology, finance and capacity
building- consistent with the principles and provisions of the Convention; New,
additional and predictable finances from developed and developing countries for
mitigation, adaptation, technology transfer and capacity building; Provision of technology development, transfer and diffusion; and Paris
Agreement must incorporate loss and damage and make operational
Warsaw International Mechanism.
((A UN report on Nations plan to
curtail green house gases emissions to avert natural disasters and save planet
earth has recently spiked concerns that the Intended nationally determined
contributions submiited by more than 80 per cent countries are not enough to
limit global temperature rise by 2 degress C by 2011, and India’s Centre
of Science (CSE) has categorically said the Rich nations were not doing
enough to curtail emissions
As a UN report has said
that INDCs ( Intended nationally determined contributions) submitted by a
large number of countries before Climate meet in Paris is not enough to limit
temperature rise to under 2 degree C by 2021,India,despite being low in green
house gas emissions has scaled up its efforts to bring down emissions.
An unprecedented world-wide effort is
underway to combat climate change, building confidence that nations can cost
effectively meet their stated objective of keeping a global temperature rise to
under 2 degree C.
A report recently released by the
UNFCCC secretariat, assessing the collective impact of over 140 national
climate action plans, indicates that together they can dramatically slow global
emissions into the atmosphere and the that the aggregate impact of the
“Intended Nationally Determined Contributions" (INDCs) will lead to a fall
in per capita emissions over the coming 15 years.
Releasing The Synthesis report
Christiana Figueres, Executive Secretary of the UN Framework Convention on
Climate Change (UNFCCC) said Governments from all corners of the Earth have
signalled through their INDCs that they are determined to play their part
according to their national circumstances.
The report captures the
overall impact of national climate plans covering 146 countries as of 1 October
2015. This comprises 119 separate INDCs from 147 Parties to the UNFCCC,
including the EU, a single Party representing 28 countries. Since then,
more INDCs have been submitted and submissions are likely to continue.
The 146 plans include all developed
nations and three quarters of developing countries under the UNFCCC, covering
86% of global greenhouse gas emissions – almost four times the level of the
first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol, the world’s first international
emission reduction treaty that required emissions cuts from industrialized
countries.
One of the key findings is that the
INDCs will bring global average emissions per capita down by as much as 8% in
2025 and 9% in by 2030
“The INDCs have the capability of
limiting the forecast temperature rise to around 2.7 degrees Celsius by 2100,
by no means enough but a lot lower than the estimated four, five, or more
degrees of warming projected by many prior to the INDCs,” said Ms. Figueres.
The secretariat report does not
directly assess implications for temperature change by the end of the century
under the INDCs because information on emissions beyond 2030 is required.
However, other independent analyses
have, based on a range of assumptions, methodologies and data sources,
attempted to estimate the impact of the INDCs on temperature leading to a range
of average estimates below, at or above 3 degrees C. Importantly all deliver
more or less similar emission levels in 2025 and 2030 and all confirm that the
INDCs, if fully implemented, are an important advance on previous scenarios.
“These plans set a determined course,
clearly recognizing that successful climate action achieves not only low
emissions but a host of other economic and social benefits for governments,
citizens and business,” said Ms. Figueres.
“Backed by financial support for
developing countries, a clear long term destination of climate neutrality in
the second half of the century and a ratcheting up of ambition in a structured,
transparent and timely way, the INDCs provide an inspiring part of what will
become the Paris package,”. )
PHOTO NEERAJ BAJPAI
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